Ultrastructural Changes and Electrolyte Leakage from Ozone Fumigated Epiphytic Lichens

Distribution Patterns and Metapopulation Dynamics of Epiphytic Mosses and Lichens

Relationship between epiphytic lichens, trace elements and gaseous atmospheric pollutants.

A study was conducted to determine the joint effect of gaseous atmospheric pollutants and trace elements on epiphytic lichens. We used our data to test the hypothesis that lichens are generally insensitive to toxic effects of trace elements, and can therefore be used as accumulator organisms to estimate concentrations of these elements in the environment. In a field study in The Netherlands the...

Epiphytic Lichens: Their Usefulness as Bio-indicators of Air Pollution

Lichens are used as effective monitors to detect low-level air pollution which may affect different flora and fauna communities. Epiphytic lichens have been widely recognized as effective eco-friendly bio-monitors for detection of metal deposition on trees, rocks and bare ground. This article is concerned with the use of lichens in bio-monitoring of air pollution, how the lichens do recognize a...

Effects of Mediterranean dehesa management on epiphytic lichens.

Spanish holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) open woodlands (dehesas) maintain a high diversity of plants and animals compared to other forested Mediterranean habits, but little is known about the responses of epiphytic lichens to different management regimes that are applied to this woodland type. The present study was carried out in central-southern Spain and included four management regime...

Electrolyte Changes Resulting from Injury

THE importance of adequate fluid and electrolyte therapy is now readily appreciated, and the principles underlying the correction of deficiencies are well established. Everywhere the importance of base conservation by the body is accepted, and measures taken to correct any deficiency of base substance are rigorously applied. We appreciate clearly the difference between a true water deficiency a...